-
稻瘟病又称稻热病、火烧瘟等,是水稻生产中一种常见的重要真菌病害[1]。目前,稻瘟病在全世界主要稻区均有发生,其中发病较严重的稻区主要集中在亚洲和非洲[2-3]。在水稻各生育期和各个部位均可发生稻瘟病,其中最严重的是叶瘟和穗颈瘟[4]。在病害流行地区或发病田块,每年造成大约10%~30%的水稻减产,甚至绝产[5]。稻瘟病病原菌的有性态为稻巨座壳菌(Magnaporthe oryzae),属于子囊菌门巨座壳属真菌,无性态为稻梨孢(Pyricularia oryzae),属无性态类梨孢属真菌[6-7]。真菌病毒(Mycovirus)是侵染真菌和卵菌并能够在其体内进行增殖的病毒的统称,广泛存在于主要真菌和卵菌类群中[8]。据报道,真菌病毒在丝状真菌、卵菌和酵母菌中均有分布[9]。根据病毒的基因组核酸类型,真菌病毒可分为单链RNA(single stranded RNA, ssRNA)病毒、单链DNA(single stranded DNA, ssDNA)病毒和双链RNA(double stranded RNA, dsRNA)病毒,其中dsRNA类型的真菌病毒种类最多[10]。目前,稻瘟病菌中报道的真菌病毒主要隶属于产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae)的Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1-A (MoCV1-A)、Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1-B (MoCV1-B)、Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1-C (MoCV1-C)和Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1-D (MoCV1-D)[11-14],单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)的Magnaporthe oryzaevirus 1 (MoV1)、Magnaporthe oryzaevirus 2 (MoV2)和Magnaporthe oryzaevirus 3 (MoV3)[13,15-16],双分体病毒科(Partitiviridae)的Magnaporthe oryzae partitivirus1 (MoPV1)和Magnaportheoryzaepartitivirus 2 (MoPV2)[17-18],裸露RNA病毒科(Narnaviridae)的Magnaporthe oryzae narnavirus1 (MoNV1)[19],番茄丛矮病毒科(Tombusviridae)的Magnaporthe oryzaevirus A (MoVA)[20]及葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)的Magnaporthe oryzaeourmia-like virus 1 (MOLV1)、Magnaporthe oryzaeourmia-like virus 4 (MOLV4)、Pyricularia oryzaeourmia-like virus 1 to 3 (PoOLV1-3)[21-23](表1)。其中,研究最多的病毒是MoCV1-A,其他病毒的研究相对较少。相对于已发现的真菌病毒,稻瘟病菌中的真菌病毒不仅在数量和种属的分布较少[24],而且在与寄主真菌的互作、生物防治应用等方面的研究也较浅,稻瘟病菌中的真菌病毒还有很大的研究空间。笔者对已报道的侵染稻瘟病菌的真菌病毒的形态、基因组结构及其对寄主真菌的影响进行归纳和总结,并对稻瘟病菌真菌病毒的下一步研究与利用进行展望,旨在对稻瘟病菌真菌病毒有一个较全面的了解和认识,为稻瘟病菌真菌病毒的利用和深入研究提供参考。
表 1稻瘟病菌中的真菌病毒一览表
Table 1.The list of mycoviruses inMagnaportheoryzae
病毒名称
Viral name分类
Taxonomy核酸类型
Nucleic
acid typeMagnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1-A 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae)、产黄青霉病毒属(Chrysovirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1-B 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae)、产黄青霉病毒属(Chrysovirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1-C 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1-D 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzaevirus 1 单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)、单分体病毒属(Totivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzaevirus 2 单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)、维多利亚病毒属(Victorivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzaevirus 3 单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)科、维多利亚病毒属(Victorivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae partitivirus1 双分体病毒科(Partitiviridae)、γ双分体病毒属(Gammapartitivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae partitivirus2 双分体病毒科(Partitiviridae)、γ双分体病毒属(Gammapartitivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzaevirus A 番茄丛矮病毒科(Tombusviridae) +ssRNA Magnaporthe oryzaeourmia-like virus 1 葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)、稻瘟泛欧尔密病毒属(Magoulivirus) +ssRNA Magnaporthe oryzaeourmia-like virus 4 葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)、欧尔密病毒病毒属(Ourmiavirus) +ssRNA Pyricularia oryzaeourmia-like virus 1 to 3 葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)、欧尔密病毒病毒属(Ourmiavirus) +ssRNA Magnaporthe oryzae narnavirus 1 裸露RNA病毒科(Narnaviridae)、裸露RNA病毒属(Narnavirus) +ssRNA
Research Progress on Mycoviruses ofMagnaporthe oryzae
-
摘要:稻瘟病是由稻巨座壳菌( Magnaporthe oryzae,俗称稻瘟病菌)引起的一种世界性的重要水稻病害,也是影响水稻产量和品质的重要因素。真菌病毒是指侵染真菌或卵菌并能够在其体内进行增殖的病毒,广泛存在于真菌和卵菌的主要类群中,某些低毒真菌病毒可作为植物真菌病害生物防治的资源。笔者描述了稻瘟病菌中已报道的真菌病毒的形态、基因组结构及其对寄主真菌的影响,并对稻瘟病菌真菌病毒的研究进行了展望,旨在对稻瘟病菌真菌病毒有一个较全面的了解和认识,为稻瘟病菌真菌病毒的利用和深入研究提供参考。Abstract:Rice blast is an important worldwide important rice disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae(commonly known as rice blast fungus), and it is also an important factor affecting rice yield and quality. Mycovirus is a virus that infects fungi and oomycetes and can replicate in them, which is widespread in the major taxa of fungi and oomycetes. Some hypovirulent mycoviruses can be used as resources for the biological control of plant fungal diseases. The mycoviruses reported in M. oryzae, including their morphological, genome organization and their effects on host fungi, were reviewed, and the research on the mycoviruses of M. oryzaewas prospected so as to have a more comprehensive understanding of mycoviruses in M. oryzae, and to provide reference for the utilization and study of mycoviruses in M. oryzaein the future.
-
Key words:
- rice/
- Magnaporthe oryzae/
- mycovirus/
- plant fungal diseases/
- biological control
-
表 1稻瘟病菌中的真菌病毒一览表
Table 1The list of mycoviruses inMagnaportheoryzae
病毒名称
Viral name分类
Taxonomy核酸类型
Nucleic
acid typeMagnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1-A 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae)、产黄青霉病毒属(Chrysovirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1-B 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae)、产黄青霉病毒属(Chrysovirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1-C 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1-D 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzaevirus 1 单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)、单分体病毒属(Totivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzaevirus 2 单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)、维多利亚病毒属(Victorivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzaevirus 3 单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)科、维多利亚病毒属(Victorivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae partitivirus1 双分体病毒科(Partitiviridae)、γ双分体病毒属(Gammapartitivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae partitivirus2 双分体病毒科(Partitiviridae)、γ双分体病毒属(Gammapartitivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzaevirus A 番茄丛矮病毒科(Tombusviridae) +ssRNA Magnaporthe oryzaeourmia-like virus 1 葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)、稻瘟泛欧尔密病毒属(Magoulivirus) +ssRNA Magnaporthe oryzaeourmia-like virus 4 葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)、欧尔密病毒病毒属(Ourmiavirus) +ssRNA Pyricularia oryzaeourmia-like virus 1 to 3 葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)、欧尔密病毒病毒属(Ourmiavirus) +ssRNA Magnaporthe oryzae narnavirus 1 裸露RNA病毒科(Narnaviridae)、裸露RNA病毒属(Narnavirus) +ssRNA -
[1] DEAN R, VAN KAN J A L, PRETORIUS Z A, et al. The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology [J]. Molecular Plant Pathology, 2012, 13(4): 414 − 430.doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.x [2] SKAMNIOTI P, GURR S J. Against the grain: safeguarding rice from rice blast disease [J]. Trends in Biotechnology, 2009, 27(3): 141 − 150.doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.12.002 [3] TALBOT N J. On the trail of a cereal killer: Exploring the biology ofMagnaporthe grisea[J]. Annual Review of Microbiology, 2003, 57(1): 177 − 202.doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090957 [4] TALBOT N J. Having a blast: exploring the pathogenicity ofMagnaporthe grisea[J]. Trends in Microbiology, 1995, 3(1): 9 − 16.doi:10.1016/S0966-842X(00)88862-9 [5] BAKER B, ZAMBRYSKI P, STASKAWICZ B. Signaling in plant-microbe interactions [J]. Science, 1997, 276(5313): 726 − 733.doi:10.1126/science.276.5313.726 [6] 朱名海, 杨媚, 周而勋. 水稻3种重要病原真菌遗传多样性的研究进展[J]. 仲恺农业工程学院学报, 2015, 28(3): 1 − 6.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5663.2015.03.001 [7] COUCH B C, KOHN L M. A multilocus gene genealogy concordant with host preference indicates segregation of a new species,Magnaporthe oryzae, fromM. grisea[J]. Mycologia, 2002, 94(4): 683 − 693.doi:10.1080/15572536.2003.11833196 [8] 刘忱, 皮磊, 舒灿伟, 等. 低毒真菌病毒在植物病害生物防治中的研究及应用进展[J]. 分子植物育种, 2018, 16(2): 552 − 559. [9] 刘忱, 张美玲, 舒灿伟, 等. 真菌病毒的研究进展[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2016, 36(9): 18 − 27.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6820.2016.09.004 [10] GHABRIAL S A, CASTÓN J R, JIANG D H, et al. 50-plus years of fungal viruses [J]. Virology, 2015, 479-480: 356 − 368.doi:10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.034 [11] URAYAMA S, KATO S, SUZUKI Y, et al. Mycoviruses related to chrysovirus affect vegetative growth in the rice blast fungusMagnaporthe oryzae[J]. Journal of General Virology, 2010, 91(12): 3085 − 3094.doi:10.1099/vir.0.025411-0 [12] URAYAMA S, SAKODA H, TAKAI R, et al. A dsRNA mycovirus,Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1-B, suppresses vegetative growth and development of the rice blast fungus [J]. Virology, 2014, 448: 265 − 273.doi:10.1016/j.virol.2013.10.022 [13] TANG L H, HU Y P, LIU L J, et al. Genomic organization of a novel victorivirus from the rice blast fungusMagnaporthe oryzae[J]. Archives of Virology, 2015, 160(11): 2907 − 2910.doi:10.1007/s00705-015-2562-4 [14] HIGASHIURA T, KATOH Y, Urayama S, et al. Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 strain D confers growth inhibition to the host fungus and exhibits multiform viral structural proteins [J]. Virology, 2019, 535: 241 − 254.doi:10.1016/j.virol.2019.07.014 [15] YOKOI T, YAMASHITA S, HIBI T. The nucleotide sequence and genome organization ofMagnaporthe oryzaevirus 1 [J]. Archives of Virology, 2007, 152(12): 2265 − 2269.doi:10.1007/s00705-007-1045-7 [16] MAEJIMA K, HIMENO M, KOMATSU K, et al. Complete nucleotide sequence of a new double-stranded RNA virus from the rice blast fungus,Magnaporthe oryzae[J]. Archives of Virology, 2008, 153(2): 389 − 391.doi:10.1007/s00705-007-1101-3 [17] Du Y N, He X, Zhou X, et al. Complete nucleotide sequence ofMagnaporthe oryzae partitivirus1 [J]. Archives of Virology, 2016, 161(11): 1 − 4. [18] 陈伟博, 梁克力, 李阳艺, 等. 稻瘟菌双分病毒MoPV2特性研究[J]. 植物病理学报, 2017, 47(4): 448 − 457. [19] LIN Y, ZHOU J, ZHOU X, et al. A novel narnavirus from the plant-pathogenic fungusMagnaporthe oryzae[J]. Archives of Virology, 2020, 165(7): 1235 − 1240. [20] AI Y P, ZHONG J, CHEN C Y, et al. A novel single-stranded RNA virus isolated from the rice-pathogenic fungusMagnaporthe oryzaewith similarity to members of the family Tombusviridae [J]. Archives of Virology, 2016, 161(3): 725 − 729.doi:10.1007/s00705-015-2683-9 [21] OHKITA S, LEE Y, NGUYEN Q, et al. Three ourmia-like viruses and their associated RNAs inPyricularia oryzae[J]. Virology, 2019, 534: 25 − 35.doi:10.1016/j.virol.2019.05.015 [22] ILLANA A, MARCONI M, RODRÍGUEZ-ROMERo J, et al. Molecular characterization of a novel ssRNA ourmia-like virus from the rice blast fungusMagnaporthe oryzae[J]. Archives of Virology, 2017, 162(3): 891 − 895.doi:10.1007/s00705-016-3144-9 [23] LI C X, ZHU J Z, GAO B D, et al. Characterization of a novel ourmia-like mycovirus infectingMagnaporthe oryzaeand implications for viral diversity and evolution [J]. Viruses, 2019, 11(3): 223 − 235.doi:10.3390/v11030223 [24] 陈伟博. 稻瘟病菌中病毒的初步研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2017. [25] STRAUSS E E, LAKSHMAN D K, TAVANTZIS S M. Molecular characterization of the genome of a partitivirus from the basidiomyceteRhizoctonia solani[J]. The Journal of General Virology, 2000, 81(2): 549 − 555. [26] URAYAMA S I, FUKUHARA T, MORIYAMA H, et al. Heterologous expression of a gene of Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 strain A disrupts growth of the human pathogenic fungusCryptococcus neoformans[J]. Microbiology and Immunology, 2014, 58(5): 294 − 302.doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12148 [27] YAMASHITA S, DOI Y, YORA K. A polyhedral virus found in rice blast fungus,Pyricularia oryzaeCavara [J]. The Phytopathological Society of Japan, 1971, 37(5): 356 − 359.doi:10.3186/jjphytopath.37.356 [28] HIMENO M, MAEJIMA K, KOMATSU K, et al. Significantly low level of small RNA accumulation derived from an encapsidated mycovirus with dsRNA genome [J]. Virology, 2010, 396(1): 69 − 75.doi:10.1016/j.virol.2009.10.008 [29] OWASHI Y, AIHARA M, MORIYAMA H, et al. Population structure of double-stranded RNA mycoviruses that infect the rice blast fungusMagnaporthe oryzaein Japan [J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020, 11: 593784.doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.593784 [30] 唐利华, 谢甲涛, 程家森, 等. 稻瘟菌群体中dsRNA的多样性及稻瘟菌菌株QSP5中病毒对寄主生物学性状影响的研究[J]. 植物病理学报, 2016, 46(2): 151 − 159. [31] HONG Y, DOVER S L, COLE T E, et al. Multiple mitochondrial viruses in an isolate of the Dutch elm disease fungusOphiostoma novo-ulmi[J]. Virology, 1999, 258(1): 118 − 127.doi:10.1006/viro.1999.9691 [32] 柏斌, 吴俊, 周波, 等. 稻瘟病抗性分子育种研究综述[J]. 杂交水稻, 2012, 27(3): 5 − 9.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-3956.2012.03.002 [33] 邱德文. 我国植物病害生物防治的现状及发展策略[J]. 植物保护, 2010, 36(4): 15 − 18.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2010.04.004 [34] HUANG S H, GHABRIAL S A. Organization and expression of the double-stranded RNA genome ofHelminthosporium victoriae190S virus, a totivirus infecting a plant pathogenic filamentous fungus [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1996, 93(22): 12541 − 12546.doi:10.1073/pnas.93.22.12541 [35] GRENTE J, BERTHELAY-SAURET S. Biological control of chestnut blight in France [J]. American Chestnut Proceedings, 1978: 30 − 34. [36] NUSS D L. Hypovirulence: Mycoviruses at the fungal-plant interface [J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2005, 3(8): 632 − 642.doi:10.1038/nrmicro1206 [37] YU X, LI B, FU Y P, et al. A geminivirus-related DNA mycovirus that confers hypovirulence to a plant pathogenic fungus [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010, 107(18): 8387 − 8392.doi:10.1073/pnas.0913535107 [38] TIAN B N, XIE J T, FU Y P, et al. A cosmopolitan fungal pathogen of dicots adopts an endophytic lifestyle on cereal crops and protects them from major fungal diseases [J]. The ISME Journal, 2020, 14(12): 3120 − 3135.doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00744-6 [39] YU X, LI B, FU Y P, et al. Extracellular transmission of a DNA mycovirus and its use as a natural fungicide [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110(4): 1452 − 1457.doi:10.1073/pnas.1213755110 [40] XIE J, JIANG D H. New insights into mycoviruses and exploration for the biological control of crop fungal diseases [J]. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2014, 52(1): 45 − 68.doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-102313-050222 [41] WEBBER J. A natural biological control of Dutch elm disease [J]. Nature, 1981, 292(5822): 449 − 451.doi:10.1038/292449a0 [42] ZHANG D X, NUSS D L. Engineering super mycovirus donor strains of chestnut blight fungus by systematic disruption of multilocusvicgenes [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016, 113(8): 2062 − 2067.doi:10.1073/pnas.1522219113 [43] AIHARA M, URAYAMA S I, Le M T, et al. Infection byMagnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus1 strain A triggers reduced virulence and pathogenic race conversion of its host fungus,Magnaporthe oryzae[J]. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 2018, 84(2): 92 − 103.doi:10.1007/s10327-018-0766-7 [44] FELDMAN T S, MORSY M R, ROOSSINCK M J. Are communities of microbial symbionts more diverse than communities of macrobial hosts? [J]. Fungal Biology, 2012, 116(4): 465 − 477.doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2012.01.005 [45] HUTCHISON E, BROWN S, TIAN C G, et al. Transcriptional profiling and functional analysis of heterokaryon incompatibility inNeurospora crassareveals that reactive oxygen species, but not metacaspases, are associated with programmed cell death [J]. Microbiology, 2009, 155(12): 3957 − 3970.doi:10.1099/mic.0.032284-0 [46] CHOI G H, DAWE A L, CHURBANOV A, et al. Molecular characterization of vegetative incompatibility genes that restrict hypovirus transmission in the chestnut blight fungusCryphonectria parasitica[J]. Genetics, 2012, 190(1): 113 − 127.doi:10.1534/genetics.111.133983